TK-8 District of Choice

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School-Wide Positive Behavior Interventions and Supports


Improved Student Outcomes

  • Academic Performance (Horner et al., 2009)
  • Social-Emotional Competence (Bradshaw, Waasdorp, & Leaf, 2012)
  • Social and Academic Outcomes for SWD (Lewis, 2017; Tobin, Horner, Vincent, & Swain-Bradway, 2012)
  • Reduced Bullying Behaviors (Ross & Horner, 2009; Waasdorp, Bradshaw, & Leaf, 2012)
  • Decreased rates of student-reported drug/alcohol abuse (Bastable, Kettelman, Mcintosh, & Hoseltin, 2015; Bradshaw et al., 2012)


Reduced Exclusionary Discipline

  • Office Discipline referrals (Bradshaw, Mitchell, & Leaf, 2010; Bradshaw et al., 2012; Horner et al., 2009)
  • Suspensions (Bradshaw, Mitchell, & Leaf, 2010)
  • Restraint and Seclusion (Reynolds et al., 2016; Simonsen, Britton, & Young, 2010)


Improved Teacher Outcomes

  • Perception of Teacher Efficacy (Kelm & Mcintosh, 2012; Ross, Romer, & Horner, 2012;)
  • School Organizational Health and School Climate (Bradshaw, Koth, Bevans, Lolongo, & Leaf, 2008; Bradshaw, Koth, Thornton, & Leaf, 2009)
  • Perception of School Safety (Horner et al., 2009)